Introduction
Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31.
![Gallium Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12IH-BMVrDw384KDZyVxSUCQ0IcZA-ndGgwLTJRVBcMV4jT6BBxp7fbnO4FS7GMOP2LLOEOvcxpHZ-qHBe5bu9uA5gQyNG4qHXxwiwEGSh12F8fXFLu2aJDlgUa_xp1vBiGZohCx3PCU/s16000/Picture1.jpg)
History
In 1871 the existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, who named it "eka-aluminium" from its position in his periodic table.
![Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Mendeleev](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb0LsyPl8KxuVZ6wNBuOY3aqfa738Il2y0og63-wNaEU7jaFNL6OZlhj8GzIi2WCwAdhhg2dRz4pcCyXQqAq5D-H8AlH6IFmP0P4lqkQItahlMxvvknewygwLiCci7Jy0glGLup2J34Ss/s16000/Picture2.jpg)
In 1875 was found in spectroscopic discovered by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran and lecoq succeeded in obtaining gallium pure by electrolysis gallium hydroxide (Ga(OH)³).
![Paul Emile Lecoq Paul Emile Lecoq](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxkrNqXoEvA05LNBgY4peKH1qFuuJGps2tYjQ3Gw86vx3FYqj7TyX1_LdKQxv0bhJmAtC1_Ss3ST3aD7vErBNgQ-iEljUMIhwJsqTG1UkGsSEnkiB1uH0yW_uVk4uNlHelFMo5s5rC_g0/s16000/Picture3.jpg)
Properties of Gallium
Physical Properties:
![Properties of Gallium Properties of Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix8khOyW2ambg3Xp__aNeTE0zA2-dH_jBoic40L_yDkdsYB4J2oo6V0gozzawyZWYJ6nxRc2zKz-iYGF0OGw3UPcMNoOiCEGLcIQxbgkZLEStlM0_QVBnCa64BG7KpT5HrE8IPNrXIErk/w640-h221/Picture4.png)
Chemical Properties:
![Properties of Gallium Properties of Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitfW-0MOQz6Ny2VjIbKxwvBS6j-XMdCrWnk9BSKPWQYOBCfGhtOEM6QrhgX4tmL5XcXmF-boKXo9Enk0WGHmVATYkBnRXggyKUdRtXVApxYPEjlbfBiR3OjT-wcGMmslwq4013ptY0hqc/w640-h271/Picture5.png)
Source
Gallium is not found in the form elements on the Earth, but is found in minerals and ores in the Earth's crust.
Diaspora (α-AlO(OH))
![Diaspora (α-AlO(OH)) Diaspora (α-AlO(OH))](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiann_IebqdXL2n7oO-f_tScXXjDHt55yFKHUtHUneVUyo_IuY6pOE3N2st7z_KqGpqRhFCCxnUF4zIOSYHfZ539w-3TMKOFnE6XgMHQB6BGuY8wgspqI2YA-xxqWO8qNzgEijTjI-gm1k/s16000/Picture6.jpg)
Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS)
![Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS) Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS)](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7iDB-YkSCU0OgvyTFYBV2IEPhJgbSqf78NPgTWNacUchv2xpG9Q4XXi5HANgRt0arNbkEPw8k6bW_Va1SNLd434_DFgx-408qhmxu_JvhjPXPupplfxHD-PuQmtr3SttuQHKqhOWbWks/s16000/Picture7.jpg)
Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS)
![Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS) Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS)](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifd1rpSHsRLkHTgogTDbuc0N2dYJX6A6rdlHf_LJJ0dpPaQSXJbe68yNi3PpHbtBuyU2pNWQIo3T_0i20lQaR99b3kwRPYAcN9SaAACAzreduVDjEun0kgtaq-zW2hgldpOUL4InJ79jA/s16000/Picture8.jpg)
Sphalerite (Zn, Fe)S
![Sphalerite (Zn, Fe)S Sphalerite (Zn, Fe)S](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDYYXRIgzyo6LkqFEvOik9Zc68qgIice-uLM_XsMPmrvYEzQKTtyIHliUKWNosShNrVwI1bSQ_3Pil_EhgH_OSiiF2MJf1ZmC1BA-OEabE3xiVQlwRpoA-nHz-AF0dqsmWkZ7aN4ngn3w/s16000/Picture9.jpg)
How get the pure Gallium
Ga
Ga (OH)₃ + 3 H⁺ → Ga³⁺ + 3 H₂O
Ga (OH)₃ + OH⁻ → Ga(OH)₄⁻
Applications
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmIkr-g6_W2sgbA7NCdfkUTc_uPaQTR8e19gkRLznlJeQwV0sbUi3rbxOZGqWx3xlN7iPNfSje9vklFQQD8VN-F1Uat7jTEFGbx6VITCn_bPAGNEBmFs0HFDAzlJaIYOTk4hRbxag3wwM/s16000/Picture10.png)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBQxN6BzDkXOS6xHrwOLIKFabcslQHOnh0vcisGV3fCcLxZA6vxf9nzr-3QjxNVd0iPbYxdcgyg0lwJXpsYHr8oLqQL5FHrMMPiqWVcfe-E4WdYp9xSQaMzFuDyJxD3CXmJ5Hv0vzNeFA/w640-h378/FFSDFDF.JPG)
The uniques of Gallium
![Gallium Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqKdyH84wvdTHi0gXiD-qWWSvw6JGNXmtb7_VXJNNXdV3Nq7FkB7COvMNix1PkjIAErkdiDXKxOZnntK9k59qhC1idZEWZZsG-M4xHn4HeT3k0X11L0G0xgQnH7zYKoOvfGN2WWr8V3mE/s16000/Picture11.jpg)
![Gallium Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf6Z58RgYLtnhP4yPazOQJg9onhd7O_metjL16Hb_d1PiPISBOrXyvSByYAQHFvCvmq3x6jsSmML_alRoZSLCG3qwQ_p0hNDW-avGBv3Iyp1p-rGzirw4DwHuefupe8rB9ZI0sTB3tSh8/s16000/Picture12.png)
Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31.
![Gallium Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12IH-BMVrDw384KDZyVxSUCQ0IcZA-ndGgwLTJRVBcMV4jT6BBxp7fbnO4FS7GMOP2LLOEOvcxpHZ-qHBe5bu9uA5gQyNG4qHXxwiwEGSh12F8fXFLu2aJDlgUa_xp1vBiGZohCx3PCU/s16000/Picture1.jpg)
In 1871 the existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, who named it "eka-aluminium" from its position in his periodic table.
![Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Mendeleev](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb0LsyPl8KxuVZ6wNBuOY3aqfa738Il2y0og63-wNaEU7jaFNL6OZlhj8GzIi2WCwAdhhg2dRz4pcCyXQqAq5D-H8AlH6IFmP0P4lqkQItahlMxvvknewygwLiCci7Jy0glGLup2J34Ss/s16000/Picture2.jpg)
![Paul Emile Lecoq Paul Emile Lecoq](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxkrNqXoEvA05LNBgY4peKH1qFuuJGps2tYjQ3Gw86vx3FYqj7TyX1_LdKQxv0bhJmAtC1_Ss3ST3aD7vErBNgQ-iEljUMIhwJsqTG1UkGsSEnkiB1uH0yW_uVk4uNlHelFMo5s5rC_g0/s16000/Picture3.jpg)
Physical Properties:
![Properties of Gallium Properties of Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix8khOyW2ambg3Xp__aNeTE0zA2-dH_jBoic40L_yDkdsYB4J2oo6V0gozzawyZWYJ6nxRc2zKz-iYGF0OGw3UPcMNoOiCEGLcIQxbgkZLEStlM0_QVBnCa64BG7KpT5HrE8IPNrXIErk/w640-h221/Picture4.png)
![Properties of Gallium Properties of Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitfW-0MOQz6Ny2VjIbKxwvBS6j-XMdCrWnk9BSKPWQYOBCfGhtOEM6QrhgX4tmL5XcXmF-boKXo9Enk0WGHmVATYkBnRXggyKUdRtXVApxYPEjlbfBiR3OjT-wcGMmslwq4013ptY0hqc/w640-h271/Picture5.png)
Gallium is not found in the form elements on the Earth, but is found in minerals and ores in the Earth's crust.
Diaspora (α-AlO(OH))
![Diaspora (α-AlO(OH)) Diaspora (α-AlO(OH))](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiann_IebqdXL2n7oO-f_tScXXjDHt55yFKHUtHUneVUyo_IuY6pOE3N2st7z_KqGpqRhFCCxnUF4zIOSYHfZ539w-3TMKOFnE6XgMHQB6BGuY8wgspqI2YA-xxqWO8qNzgEijTjI-gm1k/s16000/Picture6.jpg)
![Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS) Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS)](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7iDB-YkSCU0OgvyTFYBV2IEPhJgbSqf78NPgTWNacUchv2xpG9Q4XXi5HANgRt0arNbkEPw8k6bW_Va1SNLd434_DFgx-408qhmxu_JvhjPXPupplfxHD-PuQmtr3SttuQHKqhOWbWks/s16000/Picture7.jpg)
![Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS) Coal (C₁₃₇H₉₇O₉NS)](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifd1rpSHsRLkHTgogTDbuc0N2dYJX6A6rdlHf_LJJ0dpPaQSXJbe68yNi3PpHbtBuyU2pNWQIo3T_0i20lQaR99b3kwRPYAcN9SaAACAzreduVDjEun0kgtaq-zW2hgldpOUL4InJ79jA/s16000/Picture8.jpg)
![Sphalerite (Zn, Fe)S Sphalerite (Zn, Fe)S](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDYYXRIgzyo6LkqFEvOik9Zc68qgIice-uLM_XsMPmrvYEzQKTtyIHliUKWNosShNrVwI1bSQ_3Pil_EhgH_OSiiF2MJf1ZmC1BA-OEabE3xiVQlwRpoA-nHz-AF0dqsmWkZ7aN4ngn3w/s16000/Picture9.jpg)
- Pure gallium metal by electrolysis current through a gallium compound, such as gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃).
- Commercially, most gallium is extracted as a by product of aluminum and zinc production.
- Gallium is also extracted from the flue dusts of coal.
Ga
- N: Gallium nitride
- Cl₂: Gallium (II) chloride
- O: Gallium oxide
- Br₃: Gallium tribromide
- F₃: Gallium trifluoride
- S: Gallium sulphide
- The reaction of gallium with acid
Ga (OH)₃ + 3 H⁺ → Ga³⁺ + 3 H₂O
- The reaction of gallium with base
Ga (OH)₃ + OH⁻ → Ga(OH)₄⁻
- The reaction of gallium with halogen
Applications
- Gallium as minerals and vitamins in the human body
- Gallium arsenide is used to make laser diodes that produce light from electricity
- Gallium is used to create an LED a bright blue
- Create brilliant mirrors
- As the mixture for nuclear weaponse
- Gallium-67 used for tumor imaging and localisation of inflammatory lesions (infections)
- Gallium-68 positron emitter used in PET and PET-CT unit derived from germanium-68 in the generator.
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmIkr-g6_W2sgbA7NCdfkUTc_uPaQTR8e19gkRLznlJeQwV0sbUi3rbxOZGqWx3xlN7iPNfSje9vklFQQD8VN-F1Uat7jTEFGbx6VITCn_bPAGNEBmFs0HFDAzlJaIYOTk4hRbxag3wwM/s16000/Picture10.png)
- Gallium is also dubbed as the "heart beat“
- Gallium can melts in the hand
- Gallium can soften and destroy the structure of the cans
- Gallium is capable of attacking other metals, Example: Aluminum
![Gallium Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqKdyH84wvdTHi0gXiD-qWWSvw6JGNXmtb7_VXJNNXdV3Nq7FkB7COvMNix1PkjIAErkdiDXKxOZnntK9k59qhC1idZEWZZsG-M4xHn4HeT3k0X11L0G0xgQnH7zYKoOvfGN2WWr8V3mE/s16000/Picture11.jpg)
![Gallium Gallium](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf6Z58RgYLtnhP4yPazOQJg9onhd7O_metjL16Hb_d1PiPISBOrXyvSByYAQHFvCvmq3x6jsSmML_alRoZSLCG3qwQ_p0hNDW-avGBv3Iyp1p-rGzirw4DwHuefupe8rB9ZI0sTB3tSh8/s16000/Picture12.png)
References
- W. M. Haynes, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 95th Edition, Internet Version 2015, accessed December 2014.
- John Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011.
- Boca Raton, FL, 95th Edition, Internet Version 2015, accessed December 2014. Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants, Kaye & Laby Online, 16th edition, 1995. Version 1.0
- T. L. Cottrell, The Strengths of Chemical Bonds, Butterworth, London, 1954.
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, It’s Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014.
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